Swedish Empire - Wikipedia. Kingdom of Sweden. Konungariket Sverige. All territories ever possessed by the Swedish Empire shown on modern borders. Capital. Stockholm. Languages. Swedish, Finnish, Norwegian, Estonian, Sami languages, Low German, Latin, Livonian, Latvian, Danish, Russian. Religion. Church of Sweden. Government. Absolute monarchy. Monarch . Neither territory was effectively controlled by Sweden. Both territories were restored two years later by the Treaty of Copenhagen in 1. The interests of the high nobility contrasted with the uniformity policy (i. Swedish estates favoured by the kings and peasantry). In territories acquired during the periods of de facto noble rule, serfdom was not abolished, and there was also a trend to set up respective estates in Sweden proper. The Great Reduction of 1. Serfdom, however, remained in force in the dominions acquired in the Holy Roman Empire and in Swedish Estonia, where a consequent application of the uniformity policy was hindered by the treaties by which they were gained. After the victories in the Thirty Years' War, the climax of the great power era was reached during the Second Northern War, when their primary adversary Denmark was neutralized by the Treaty of Roskilde in 1. However, in the further course of this war as well as in the subsequent Scanian War, Sweden was able to maintain her empire only with support of her closest ally, France. After initial Swedish victories, Charles secured the empire for some time in the Peace of Travendal (1. Treaty of Altranst. As a result of acquiring territories seized from Russia and the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, as well as its involvement in the Thirty Years' War, Sweden found itself transformed into the leader of Protestantism. During the Thirty Years' War, Sweden managed to conquer approximately half of the member states of the Holy Roman Empire. The fortunes of war would shift back and forth several times; after the Battle of N. After France had intervened on the same side as Sweden, the fortunes would shift again. As the war continued, the civilian and military death toll grew and when it was over, it had led to severe depopulation in the German states. Although exact population estimates do not exist, historians estimate that as many as one- third of the people in the Holy Roman Empire may have died as a result of the war. New Sweden was founded in the valley of the Delaware River in 1. Sweden later laid claim to a number of Caribbean islands. A string of Swedish forts and trading posts was constructed along the coast of West Africa as well.
Would you like to provide feedback on your experience with this page? Peace of Westphalia. Sweden demanded Silesia, Pomerania (which had been in its possession since the Treaty of Stettin (1. Riksdaler. Through the efforts of Johan Oxenstierna and Johan Adler Salvius it obtained: Swedish Pomerania, the Swedish share of the former Duchy of Pomerania since the Treaty of Stettin (1. Wismar, with the districts of Pod and Neukloster; the secularized bishoprics of Bremen- Verden, with the town of Wildeshausen; and. Riksdaler. These German possessions were to be held as fiefs of the Holy Roman Empire. The Klingenberg Wall To build a high-R wall, Katrin Klingenberg recommends using I-joists for studs, fiberboard for exterior sheathing, and interior OSB as an air. Get the latest international news and world events from Asia, Europe, the Middle East, and more. See world news photos and videos at ABCNews.com. Since 1889, Kasthall´s factory in Kinna, West Sweden, has created rugs in finest material with unique craftmanship and always challenged with design och innovation. Arnel, just watched “Don’t Stop Believin’ Everyman’s Journey” documentary and I just wanted to tell you that I am so happy for you. I was stationed in Subic. This allowed Sweden a vote in the Imperial Diet and enabled it to . France and Sweden, moreover, became joint guarantors of the treaty with the Holy Roman Emperor and were entrusted with carrying out its provisions, as enacted by the executive congress of Nuremberg in 1. After the peaces of Br. Sweden reached its largest territorial extent during this time under the rule of Charles X Gustav (1. Treaty of Roskilde in 1. The year in parenthesis is the year the possession was given up or lost. As a result of eighteen years of war, Sweden gained small and scattered possessions, but had secured control of three principal rivers in northern Germany—the Oder, the Elbe and the Weser—and gained toll- collection rights for those important commercial arteries. Two principal reasons for the small reparations were France's envy and Queen Christina's impatience. As a result of Sweden's intervention, Sweden helped secure religious liberty in Europe for Protestants, becoming a leading power of Continental Protestantism for 9. The elevation of Sweden to the rank of an imperial power required that it remain a military monarchy, armed for possible emergency. Sweden's poverty and sparse population meant the country was ill- suited for imperial status. However, in the middle of the 1. France as a firm ally, the incompatibility between its powers and its pretensions was not so obvious. Domestic consolidation. Careful statesmanship might mean permanent dominion on the Baltic shore, but left little room for mistakes. Unfortunately, the extravagance of Gustavus Adolphus's two immediate successors, Christina and Charles X Gustav, caused great difficulties for the new empire. Christina's financial extravagance brought the state to the verge of bankruptcy, and the financial difficulties caused public unrest before her abdication. The Swedish people feared that the external, artificial greatness of their country might be purchased with the loss of their civil and political liberties. The Swedish people looked to a new king to address the problem of too much power vested in the nobility. Charles X Gustav was a strong arbiter between the people and the nobility. Primarily a soldier, he directed his ambition towards military glory; but he was also an unusually sharp- sighted politician. While placing great emphasis on military strength, he also understood that domestic unity was necessary for a powerful foreign policy. The most pressing domestic question was the reduction, or restitution of alienated crown lands. At the Riksdag of the Estates of 1. Riksdaler out of the lands they would receive, or 2) surrender a fourth of the property itself, worth approximately 8. Riksdaler. The nobility wished to avoid taxation and stipulated that November 6, 1. Gustavus Adolphus's death, should be the limit to which retrospective taxes could be collected, and that there should be no further restitution of alienated crown property. Against this, the over- taxed lower estates protested, and the Diet had to be suspended. The king intervened, not to quell the commons, as the senate insisted, but to compel the nobility to give way. He proposed a special committee to investigate the matter before the meeting of the next Riksdag and that a proportional contribution should be levied on all classes in the meantime. Both groups accepted this arrangement. Charles X Gustav had done his best to recover from the financial extravagance of Christina. However, his own desire for military glory may have caused problems for his country. In three days, he persuaded the Swedish estates of the potential of his attack on the Polish- Lithuanian Commonwealth. However, when he left Stockholm for Warsaw on July 1. The Polish- Swedish War expanded into a general European war. He achieved passage over the Belts and emerged triumphant, only to die of sheer exhaustion. Immediately after his death, a regency was appointed to govern Sweden during the minority of his only son and successor, Charles XI of Sweden, who was four years old. The regency council moved quickly to end the war with Sweden's numerous enemies, which now included the Tsardom of Russia, the Polish- Lithuanian Commonwealth, the Electorate of Brandenburg and Denmark- Norway. Peace of Oliva. During the wars, Poland lost an estimated one- third of its population (referred to in Polish history as The Deluge) and its status as a great power. This treaty confirmed both Sweden's possession of Livonia and the elector of Brandenburg's sovereignty over Prussia; and the king of Polish- Lithuanian Commonwealth renounced all claim to the Swedish crown. The treaty compelled Denmark–Norway to reopen direct negotiations with Sweden. Eventually, under the Treaty of Copenhagen on May 2. Sweden kept the three formerly Danish Scanian provinces and the formerly Norwegian Bohusl. Denmark–Norway was also compelled to recognize the independence of the dukes of Holstein- Gottorp. The Russo- Swedish War (1. Treaty of Cardis on July 2, 1. Tsar surrendered the Baltic provinces to Sweden — Ingria, Estonia and Kexholm. Thus, Sweden emerged from the war not only a military power, but also one of the largest states of Europe, possessing more than twice as much territory as modern Sweden. The land area of Sweden was 1,1. While modern Sweden is bounded by the Baltic, during the 1. Baltic formed a bond between various widely dispersed dominions. All the islands in the Baltic, except the Danish group, belonged to Sweden. The estuaries of all the great German rivers lay within Swedish territory, which also included two- thirds of Lake Ladoga and one- half of Lake Peipus. Stockholm, the capital, lay in the very centre of the empire, whose second greatest city was Riga, on the other side of the sea. This empire contained less than a third of the population of modern Sweden — at only 2,5. However, Sweden's expansion had been possible partly due to turmoil and weakness in countries in its vicinity, and when they became more stable, they began to look for chances to regain what was lost. Danish defeat. On Charles X Gustav's accession in 1. Sweden's neighbours may have become allies; however, territorial loss combined with the loss of religious liberty lessened their ties to Sweden. At Charles X Gustav's death, five years later, Sweden had not only damaged its newly claimed territories but also had become hated by the surrounding states for its lack of defence of Protestantism. Charles X Gustav's attempt to gain the favour of Brandenburg by dividing Poland not only reversed his original policy, but also created a new southern rival almost as dangerous as Denmark in the west. In 1. 66. 0, after five years of warfare, Sweden had obtained peace and the opportunity to organize and develop the new vast realm. Unfortunately, the fifteen- year regency that followed Charles X Gustav was unable to manoeuvre through the situation it faced. Travel Buddies . We will be departing from Banff and heading towards Portland then continuing around the North West (California, Washington, Oregon, B. C and other locations). A main stop will be to check out the Solar Eclipse on the 2. August. This is a sight that you can not afford to miss. The trip will also take us to National and State parks, cities and some unique stops along the way. The vehicle: travel in style and comfort on our 3. Winnebago. Winne Blue (our RV's name) offers all the amenities a house would, such as: a shower, toilet, full kitchen and sink, AC/heater, radio, couches and a place to rest your head. We are providing almost everything you would need for vacation across America. We are looking for people to share the journey with us. You can come on for a day, week, or month. Our RV is able to sleep 6 extra people comfortable. The idea for the ride share is to have a traveling hostel where we can meet new people and share some crazy experiences. We are happy to pick you up if you are within a reasonable distance. If you think you want to be part of this please check out our website for more information at www. Please give us a messgae if you think you might be interested.
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |
AuthorWrite something about yourself. No need to be fancy, just an overview. Archives
November 2017
Categories |